Max Planck Formulates Quantum Theory

Max Planck Formulates Quantum Theory In 1900, German theoretical physicist Max Planck revolutionized the field of physics by discovering that energy does not flow evenly but is instead released in discrete packets. Planck created an equation to predict this phenomenon, and his discovery ended the primacy of what  many people now call classical physics in favor of the study of quantum physics. The Problem Despite feeling that all was already known in the field of physics, there was still one problem that had plagued physicists for decades: They could not understand the surprising results they continued to get from heating surfaces that absorb all frequencies of light that hit them, otherwise known as black bodies. Try as they might, scientists could not explain the results using classical physics. The Solution Max Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, on April 23, 1858, and was considering becoming a professional pianist before a teacher turned his attention to science. Planck went on to receive degrees from the University of Berlin and the University of Munich. After spending four years as an associate professor of theoretical physics at Kiel University, Planck moved to the University of Berlin, where he became a full professor in 1892. Plancks passion was thermodynamics. While researching black-body radiation, he too kept running into the same problem as other scientists. Classical physics could not explain the results he was finding. In 1900, 42-year-old  Planck discovered an equation that explained the results of these tests: ENhf, with Eenergy, Ninteger, hconstant, ffrequency. In determining this equation, Planck came up with the constant (h), which is now known as Plancks constant. The  amazing part of Plancks discovery was that energy, which appears to be emitted in wavelengths, is actually discharged in small packets he called quanta. This new theory of energy revolutionized physics and opened the way for Albert Einsteins theory of relativity. Life After Discovery At first, the magnitude of Plancks discovery was not fully understood. It wasnt until Einstein and others used quantum theory for even further advancements in physics that the revolutionary nature of his discovery was realized. By 1918, the scientific community was well aware of the  importance of Plancks work and awarded him  the Nobel Prize in Physics. He continued to conduct research and contribute further to the advancement of physics, but nothing compared to his 1900 findings. Tragedy in His Personal Life While he achieved much in his professional life, Plancks personal life was marked by tragedy. His first wife died in 1909, his oldest son, Karl, during  World War I. Twin girls,  Margarete and Emma, both later died in childbirth. And his youngest son, Erwin, was implicated in the failed  July Plot to kill Hitler and was hanged. In 1911, Planck did remarry and had one son, Hermann. Planck decided to remain in Germany during World War II. Using his clout, the physicist  tried to stand up for Jewish scientists, but with little success. In protest, Planck resigned as president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in 1937. In 1944, a bomb dropped during an Allied air raid hit his house, destroying many of his possessions, including all his scientific notebooks.   Max Planck died on October 4, 1947, at the age of 89.

The Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Definition and Examples

The Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Definition and Examples In grammar, the past perfect is an aspect of the verb that designates an action that has been completed before another past action. Formed with the auxiliary had and the past participle of a verb, its used to indicate a time further back in the past than the present perfect or the simple past tense. The tense is also known as the past perfective, the pluperfect, and the past-in-the-past. The Latin plus quam per fectum means more than perfect, and the French pronunciation of plus is close to ploo, which is where the term pluperfect came from. Past Perfect Examples From Literature Past perfect tense is everywhere, so just about any literature will have examples. Here are a few. Far worst of all, the fever  had settled  in Marys eyes, and Mary was blind.(Laura Ingalls Wilder, On the Banks of Plum Creek, 1937) On the Banks of Plum Creek is one of the books in the Little House on the Prairie series, which was turned into a long-running TV show. Walnut Grove, Minnesota, a town of fewer than 1,000 people, hosts throngs of people every summer at festivals related to the history and the books.   He camped that night on the broad Animas Plain and the wind blew in the grass and he slept on the ground wrapped in the serape  and in the wool blanket the old man  had given  him.(Cormac McCarthy, The Crossing, 1994) Coming-of-age novel The Crossing, set on the border of the Southwestern United States and Mexico during World War II, is noted for its spare dialogue and laconic characters. With his new, heightened feelings, he was overwhelmed by sadness at the way the others  had laughed  and  shouted, playing at war.(Lois Lowry, The Giver, 1993) The Giver, inspired by the memory loss of authors father, became a movie in 2014 starring  Meryl Streep and Jeff Bridges. One great source of pleasure to me was that my wife was delighted with the home I  had given  her amid the prairies of the far west.(William Frederick Buffalo Bill Cody, The Life of Hon. William F. Cody, 1889) Buffalo Bill Cody wrote his autobiography at age 33 and in it recounts his familys move to Kansas when he was a boy and his subsequent life on the frontier as a trapper, buffalo hunter, Army scout, and fighter. At fifteen life  had taught  me undeniably that surrender, in its place, was as honorable as resistance, especially if one had no choice.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969) In I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou depicts her tumultuous childhood spent between her mothers and grandmothers households, racism, her rape, and her journey to discover her identity and inner strength.  Ã‚   Functions of the Past Perfect With If Clauses As in other past tenses, the past perfect in a subordinate clause, called a  conditional clause,  may signify hypothesis, or something contrary to fact. A past perfect  modal, usually  would or could have, appears in the  main clause. In Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiners Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, the authors give these examples: If you had told me before now, I could have helped. [But I didnt help.]If you had been coming tomorrow, you would have met my mother. [But you didnt meet my mother.] In Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelsons An Introduction to English Grammar, the authors give these examples: If we had been there yesterday, we would have seen them. (But we were not there yesterday.)If he had been given a good mark, he would have told me. (But it seems that he was not given a good mark.) Using the Tense to Show Completion You may also use the past perfect to show completion. For example, She stood outside until he had gone.

Why is the Earl of Moray's role in the Chaseabout Raid still debated Essay

Why is the Earl of Moray's role in the Chaseabout Raid still debated - Essay Example It will, however, validate the charge of Bothwells sexual violence. Scholars have debated whether Mary was born on 7 or 8 December 1542, even though she celebrated her birthday on the 8th. As her contemporaries were sometimes vague about dating events that occurred shortly after midnight, it is likely that she was born in the early hours of the 8th at Linlithgow Palace to Mary of Guise, the second wife of James V of Scotland, whose parents were James IV and Margaret Tudor, a sister of Henry VIII. As Marys father died a few days after her birth in despair because of the recent English victory at Solway Moss, she could not remember a time when she was not queen regnant. The immediate accession controversy was not over her sex but her age, for she required a regent. The heir presumptive, James Hamilton, second earl of Arran, gained the office with English aid but soon found that his arrangements for Mary to wed Henry VIIIs heir were extremely unpopular. Arrans major rival was Matthew Stewart, fourth earl of Lennox, who returned from exile as a French partisan and claimed to be the rightful heir presumptive and regent because of some irregularity in the marriage of Arrans parents. After Marys coronation in September 1543, Arran rejected the English alliance, and in 1548, having been promised the dukedom of Chatelherault, agreed to her removal to France as the betrothed of Francis, the dauphin, who was born in 1544. Meanwhile, the English invaded Scotland, attempting to seize Mary, a claimant to their throne as a grandchild of Margaret Tudor, in raids called the Rough Wooing. Lennox retreated to England and wed Margaret Douglas, the daughter of Margar et Tudor, who gave birth to Darnley in

Law School Admissions Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law School Admissions - Personal Statement Example One of the main reasons for why am I interested in the law degree program being offered by the St. Thomas University is the level of motivation which I have for obtaining law degree from a well reputed university. I am seeking a career in some field related to law and justice and that can only be possible if I get an opportunity to get a degree from a prestigious university. I want to study under the guidance of highly qualified faculty of St. Thomas University. I believe that my educational background in the field of psychology and experience as a police cadet make me a perfect candidate for getting admission in the St. Thomas University. I worked for Dunkin Donuts when I was 13. At 14, I joined the police department as a cadet. Along with that, I also worked as a grocery store clerk in order to get some money and work experience. To me, the most enjoyable experience was when I was working in the police department because I learned a lot of skills and knowledge related to different law issues. I devoted almost 1,500 hours to community service, which included working at DUI checkpoints, foot patrol at city functions, the Cadet Honor Guard, and pistol team. I also completed a 12-week academy training, which focused the areas of state laws, pedestrian contacts, report writing, arrest control, and firearms safety. I also worked as a 911 operator in the police department. I rose through the ranks of Sergeant and Lieutenant in a quick time and I possess the experience of supervising more than 50 police cadets. Summing it up, I learned a lot of leadership skills and qualities while working in the police department. I am looking forward to establish my career as a lawyer in order to provide justice to the people. My focus is on making my country progress in the field of law and justice because it is essential for the advancement of a society. My end goal is to take all of my experiences and the

Definition of SWOT Analysis Essay Example for Free

Definition of SWOT Analysis Essay In Human Resource Management SWOT analysis refers to a useful tool by identifying advantage or disadvantage of a company. Also help company thoroughly evaluating pros and cons before formulating its development strategies. Each letter in â€Å"SWOT† stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats respectively. In this four points, â€Å"S† and â€Å"W† are internal factors that a company can do such as capacity and human resources. O and T, however, are external factors which a company may do such as laws and different culture. This method focuses on their own actual strengths of an enterprise as well as comparison with competitors. Therefore, this serious tool can help to decrease difficulties in corporate decision-making and make a more clearly human resource planning. But how we process a SWOT analysis? Firstly, make use of a variety of survey research methods in order to analyze various environmental factors including internal and external factors according to history and current situations of an organization. Secondly, list the investigation result ordered by importance level. At last, take four dimensions in the SWOT analysis into account, in this way we can build a SWOT matrix. For example, Haier, a famous multi-national enterprise that produce household appliance such as TV, refrigerator, washing machine and so on. The following diagram is a typical SWOT analysis for Haier.

D-day :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pg. 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1942 General Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander, had warned Germany to, â€Å"Beware the fury of an aroused democracy.† On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the Allies mounted the largest amphibious assault in history and redeemed Eisenhower’s warning. The invasion force consisted of more than 5,000 ships, 1,200 warships and 13,000 airplanes. Some 90,000 U.S., British, Canadian, and free French troops landed on the beaches of Normandy while about 20,000 more came by parachute or glider. The Invasion had been in preparation for a year. Over 55,000 brave American soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy, an appalling 2,700 Americans had took their last steps of life defending their country, their world, and everything they stood for.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  D-Day, planned by the Russians, Americans, and British insisted that the United States help with the advancement on France (Atlantic front). British and Canadian forces would also combine in the cross-channel invasion. Simultaneously in Eastern Europe (eastern front) the Soviets would battle while the Americans, the British, and the Canadian forces would attack a stretch of beaches along the French coast. The U.S. would attack a part of Normandy code named Omaha and Utah beaches. These were two code names for these particular sectors of the invasion front.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Buildup   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around a year before D-Day, Hitler had gained and occupied Western Europe and parts of Russia during it’s blitzkrieg crusade throughout 1939-41. Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader of Germany, had also acquired control of the North African coast. Without intervention from the Western Allies, Hitler would reign Europe for years to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Subsequently while Russians were engaged in the war, Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader, had wanted the Allies to join and proceed to make a â€Å"second front† along Western Europe. In 1942 this idea was virtually impossible for the United States because we were still forming an army. The materials needed to have such an invasion were not yet built to cross the English Channel. Meanwhile in the1940’s campaign, when the British were battling in Dunkirk, France, the British had to withdraw forces from being massacred by Hitler’s army. During this confrontation Hitler had declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941 just after Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese military forces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roosevelt first stated that â€Å"Germany is priority first.† This was agreed in Argentia, Newfoundland in August of 1941. Eisenhower, U.S. general, proposed an attack in 1943 named (Operation â€Å"Roundup†) and another called (Operation â€Å"Sledgehammer†), these would be used in the event of the Soviets collapsing or the weakening of Germany. Both plans were presented in London, England and Roundup

The story of Being with Henry and Leaving Home

The story of Being with Henry and Leaving Home epitomizes strong sensation towards family relationships. Both stories embark a certain pressure in the family which reveals the character’s attitude. Scrutinizing and comparing the two stories based on the aspect of dialogue, it is imperative to take into consideration the decisive aspects of dialogue which Ellinor, Linda enumerate as â€Å"creating a fuller picture of reality, employing deeper levels of listening and reflection, and creates a culture of cooperation and shared leadership which moves groups from dependency, competition and exclusion†.Parallel to this, aspects of diction as it transcends in the stories of Being with Henry and Leaving Home should also be given emphasis. In lieu of which â€Å"the art of delivering the word as it clearly understood to its fullest complexity, the choice of word and style, and the literary diction which reveals how a passage establishes tone and characterization† is essen tial in comparing the diction of these two stories.Dialogue as it create full picture of reality was illustrated in Martha Brooks’ Being with Henry, the presence of a family in Laker and his mom’s relationship was a good evidence. Taking good care of his unmarried single mother hand in hand with having a brutal step-father is such a reality for Laker. There is no way for him to bear the fruits of being a son, all he needs to do is accept the fact that he has to be strong for his mom and work hard to stay in the relationship regardless of those barriers.On the other hand, David French’s Leaving Home typify a family relationship wherein attitude of the members are clashing with each other – like that of Ben’s relationship with their father and conflict with Billy’s relationship with his girlfriend on how will they be able to compromise with their relationship. Dialogue as it employs deeper levels of listening and reflection is the second aspec t which should be highlighted in both stories.A good point to hoist was the circumstance as Laker’s mom rarely plays the role of being a mother to him and when Laker had a physical fight with his step-father which forces him to leave his home since her mother didn’t stand for him. At this point, he listens to what his heart is saying and set aside the conscientiousness of being a son. Conversely, in Leaving Home, the relationship of Billy and Kathy has come to a reflection that they are just holding on with their relationship because of the thinking that Kathy is pregnant, but at the moment that Kathy had a miscarriage, they both come to a second thought of being together.Dialogue as it creates a culture of cooperation and shared leadership which moves groups from dependency was the third aspect to consider under the discussion of dialogue. As Laker in Being with Henry leaves her mother and stand up for himself, he finds Henry with whom he can turn to and at the same t ime contribute also to the feeling of loneliness that Henry is feeling at that moment.Equally, Ben in the story of Leaving Home decided to be with his brother Billy and sister-in-law to be away with their parents as Jacob and Ben has a long standing enmity rooted in their fundamental differences and he can no longer stand the feeling of living with his father. French, David support this response thru this, â€Å"Jacob is incensed and a heated argument between father and son resulting in Ben being thrown out of the house†.On another note, as we grasp the aspects of diction and adopt in both stories, certainly, Brooks’ Being with Henry portrays the feeling of a wholehearted son; you can feel the sentiment as Laker endures the pain of leaving his mother, and this is also exemplify the tone and characterization of the story. On the other hand, French’s Leaving Home connotes intense emotion as it presents a commotion in the family as they have different perspectives, and as you go through the story you’d be really aware of the situation since the chose of words and style is very appropriate.Practically, the process of releasing and providing relief from the pressures of both families in the stories promotes strong emotions which really captivate its readers. Indeed, the representation of dialogue and diction was presented in French’s and Brooks’ story. The way the story elaborates a certain feeling proves what really a dialogue and diction is all about, thus both are essential on having a comprehensible work.

Business and Technical Writing Essay

Phoenix Advertising as a whole has always put our clients first and is well known for our excellent work. As you know, the Roanoke branch had been experiencing difficulties since January of 2015 with regards to overworked and underpaid employees and a loss of clients. Productivity had declined by 20 percent over the course of the past few months, and we lost a few key members of our team. In response to our current crisis, I have developed a proposal in order to return Phoenix Advertising to the standard of excellence we have always maintained. Background Throughout 2014, the Roanoke branch of Phoenix Advertising had excellent feedback from both clients and employees. In December of 2014, the branch had taken a turn for the worse. By January of 2015, productivity had declined and an art director and account executive had resigned. The resignations left the remainder of the employees reconsidering their positions at Phoenix Advertising. Earlier this month, I conducted an investigation at the Roanoke Branch and found there to be a few issues that need to be resolved. The first issue brought to my attention was the current employees working overtime and not being properly compensated for their time. There were an influx of new clients and new projects being accepted without taking into consideration the number of projects currently assigned to the team, as well as the number of employees at the time. As the vice president of human resources, I also wondered why the employees had not contacted the human resources department before their sudden resignation. Company policy was not being strictly adhered to and the department directors were not properly trained to deal with a situation like this. Employees need to be compensated for their time, and as policy states, they should not exceed 20 hours of overtime monthly with exception of certain circumstances which would need to be approved by headquarters. There were not enough employees to keep up with the workloads, and both the employees and the quality of work had suffered. Our clients who had been with us for quite some time had noted a change in the work they received. In order to properly address the current situation and bring the branch back to our high standards, I suggest the following changes: The Roanoke branch needs to hire additional part time and seasonal help in order to evenly distribute the workload accordingly. The process of accepting new clients as well as projects will need to be revised and should adjust to the number of employees available. There needs to be an open line of communication between employees and their superiors. There is no reason that an employee should feel uncomfortable speaking to anyone within the company. Employees shall be rewarded with bonuses after excellent feedback from clients, as well as an employee of the month program. Proposal In order to return the Roanoke branch to its former level of excellence, I propose the following plan. Additional help: In order to properly manage time and increase productivity, the Roanoke branch needs to hire additional help for part time and seasonal positions for the busiest parts of the year. We also need to adhere strictly to the overtime policy and ensure that the employees are being properly compensated for their time. The additional help will also allow us to have more creative ideas and will allow the team to devise a customer loyalty program in order to retain current clients as well as gain new clients. Weekly meetings: Weekly meetings shall be held in order to maximize productivity and give the employees a chance to freely speak to their superiors. In each meeting, there will be a status report for the prior week from both the employees and superiors. The team will use the weekly reports to work together to come up with a solution to any problems, or to reward employees for excellent work. This will provide an open line of communication, as well as survey the current situation and see if there is a need for additional help to any and all team members. Training: Both managers as well as employees will need to complete a series of training courses to ensure that everyone is well versed in company policy, as well as have knowledge of what to do in case of an event such as the current crisis at the Roanoke branch. One such course would be on the importance of communication between employees and superiors. All employees will learn when it is necessary to hire additional help, when they really need to speak up, and that human resources is here to help and they should not be shy when they need guidance. It is important for all team members to be knowledgeable about the company and policy. Employees will be scheduled for two meetings a week – on days that best fit their schedule – for four weeks, followed by an evaluation to see if the course material was thorough. If more training is necessary, it will be rescheduled accordingly. Schedule Manager training: When to hire additional help; Project Approval: April 6- April 10 Employee training: Your rights as employees; YOU matter:April 13- April 17 All team members: Importance of open communication: April 20-April 24 Company policies:April 27- May 1 Staffing Kevin O’Hara, the director of employment services, has been with the company for 6 years and prior to working with our company, has worked with very prestigious companies in the industry. Mr. O’Hara is very well versed in company policy and will be in charge of conducting the training for when to hire additional staff members. I have great faith in Mr. O’Hara, as he has been a great help in this process. The director of customer relations, Paul Clemens has been with Phoenix Advertising for a total of 8 years. Mr. Clemens has exceeded our expectations in every aspect, and he will be conducting the project approval training process. The final three training seminars will be conducted by me, as well as the department directors. Together, we need to remind all team members that they are very important to the company, and their work is what gets us our reputation. We will thoroughly discuss open lines of communication, policies, and the importance of working together as a team. I am very confident in the department directors at the Roanoke Branch, and I feel that we can all present a very important matter in a way that gets the point across.

Classical deities Essay Example

Classical deities Essay Example Classical deities Essay Classical deities Essay A thousand subsequent buildings may have been inspired by the Villa Capra, but the Panthenon in Rome was undoubtedly, the inspirational reason for this Villa. During his lifetime, more than 20 villas were designed by the Palladio on the Venetian mainland. However, one of the most well known legacies was the final destiny of this La Rotonda in the architectural world. During the selection of site for the construction of this villa, a hilltop was selected outside the Vicenza city of the Italy.Almerico was not a family man, and therefore, there was no need of a vast Palazzo, and a more sophisticated villa was wished by him, and in the result, the same was designed and constructed by the Palladio in that region. In the year 1566, the building of a square structure started by the designer. It was designed and plan in such a way that an imaginary circle can be drawn out of the corners of the squares that were touching the walls of the building. The word Rotonda’ means circular, which is logically and technically incorrect for this villa, as it is not circular, but a cross intersects the corners of the squares symmetrically.Even then, this villa is famous for its name, that is, Villa Capra La Rotonda’ by the various architects and experts from the architectural world having people from different parts of the world. Thus, this villa has been accepted as circular by the architectural society since centuries. (Palladio, 1570) A portico was given at each of the four facades, which may leads up through the steps, while a small corridor may lead to the four principal entrances of the villa through the central hall, which was having a circular dome in it.Palladio used his own architectur al rules and regulations in the mathematical precision during the construction of the central hall and various other rooms of the villa. The Quattro Libri dell’Architettura contains his ordainment in this regard. The humanist values of renaissance architecture have been reflected in the designing of this villa. Forty-five degrees from each cardinal point of the compass was rotated in the design, in order to have ample supply of the sunlight in every room of this building. Statues of classical deities have graced pediments of each of the four porticos.Additionally, six lonic columns have supported each pediment for more strength and life. A single window has also been flanked for each portico. In this regard, the second floor was built for the construction of all the principal rooms that has to be built in the villa. This shows that the designer put great and many efforts in the planning and designing of the Villa Rotunda and every single corner of this architectural building, which has gain so much importance in the architectural world. However, unfortunately, the completion of this dignified villa was not seen by both, the owner, and the designer.In the year 1580, the designer Palladio died, which was then followed by another architect and designer, Vincenzo Scamozzi was employed to complete the construction of this structural circular building. The original plan and designed was modified by this new designer, who altered the two story central hall of the villa, which is considered as one of the major changes in the design of the villa. The Scamozzi preferred a lower dome with an oculus rather than following the Palladio’s plan of covering the central hall with a high semi-circular dome.The Rome’s Parthenon was once again the inspirational source for the lower dome, as it was in case of the Hadrian’s Villa. Ultimately, a cupola was the result of the completed dome of the Villa Rotunda. The interior design of the Villa Rotunda was a lso given a high importance in the designing and planning of its construction, in order to be in balance with its exterior, which was built wonderfully. In this regard, commission of Giambattista Maganza and Alessandro was produced by Anselmo Canera, for the painting of frescoes in the principal salons.The West Salon, which is also known as the Holy Salon is one of the four principal salons, which were built on the Piano Nobile or the second floor of the villa. The religious nature of the frescoes and ceiling has given the Holy name to this West Salon of the villa. However, an allegorical life history of the owner Paolo Almerico was contained in the East Salon of the villa. In this regard, Fresco portrayed various qualities of the Almerico that deserved to be admired by the people and culture of that era, in which the villa was built in the Vicenza city of the Italy.In order to highlight the interior of this Villa Rotonda, a balcony has surrounded the central and circular hall of th e villa. Additionally, the lower domed ceiling, as mentioned previously, has covered the balcony and the hall in this regard. In order to create a more stylish, but decent design, the walls have been decorated in the trompe l-oeil. In the result, whole atmosphere of reminiscent of a cathedral has been created by the abundant frescoes, rather than presenting as a look of country house and its principal salon.Wonderful views of the countryside can be seen from the porticos, as the villa was designed and planned, in order to create a perfect harmony with the nature and the landscape. In contrast, the former buildings of the same region like Farnese’s Villa were different, which were built just 16 years before the construction of the Villa Rotunda. However, certain deviations are there in the Villa Capra La Rotonda’, which Represents to be built as symmetrical and circular by the designer.

Battle of the Bismarck Sea in World War II

Battle of the Bismarck Sea in World War II Battle of the Bismarck Sea -Conflict Dates: The Battle of the Bismarck Sea was fought March 2-4, 1943, during World War II (1939-1945). Forces Commanders Allies Major General George KenneyAir Commodore Joe Hewitt39 heavy bombers, 41 medium bombers, 34 light bombers, 54 fighters Japanese Rear Admiral Masatomi KimuraVice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa8 destroyers, 8 transports, approx. 100 aircraft Battle of the Bismarck Sea -Background: With defeat looming in the Battle of Guadalcanal, the Japanese high command began making efforts in December 1942 to reinforce their position in New Guinea. Seeking to shift around 105,000 men from China and Japan, the first convoys reached Wewak, New Guinea in January and February delivering men from the 20th and 41st Infantry Divisions. This successful movement was an embarrassment to Major General George Kenney, commander of the Fifth Air Force and Allied Air Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area, who had vowed to cut off the island from re-supply. Assessing the failures of his command during the first two months of 1943, Kenney revised tactics and embarked on a rapid training program to ensure better success against maritime targets. As the Allies set to work, Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa began making plans to shift the 51st Infantry Division from Rabaul, New Britain to Lae, New Guinea. On February 28, the convoy, consisting of eight transports and eight destroyers assembled at Rabaul. For additional protection, 100 fighters were to provide cover. To lead the convoy, Mikawa selected Rear Admiral Masatomi Kimura. Battle of the Bismarck Sea - Striking the Japanese: Due to Allied signals intelligence, Kenney was aware that a large Japanese convoy would be sailing for Lae in early March. Departing Rabaul, Kimura originally intended to pass south of New Britain but changed his mind at the last minute to take advantage a storm front that was moving along the north side of the island. This front provided cover through the day on March 1 and Allied reconnaissance planes were unable to locate the Japanese force. Around 4:00 PM, an American B-24 Liberator briefly spotted the convoy, but the weather and time of day precluded an attack (Map). The next morning, another B-24 spotted the Kimuras ships. Due to the range, several flights of B-17 Flying Fortresses were dispatched to the area. To help reduce the Japanese air cover, Royal Australian Air Force A-20s from Port Moresby attacked the airfield at Lae. Arriving over the convoy, the B-17s began their attack and succeeded in sinking the transport Kyokusei Maru with the loss of 700 of the 1,500 men on board. B-17 strikes continued through the afternoon with marginal success as the weather frequently obscured the target area. Tracked through the night by Australian PBY Catalinas, they came within range of the Royal Australian Air Force base at Milne Bay around around 3:25 AM. Though launching flight of Bristol Beaufort torpedo bombers, only two of the RAAF aircraft located the convoy and neither scored a hit. Later in the morning the convoy came into range of the bulk of Kenneys aircraft. While 90 aircraft were assigned to striking Kimura, 22 RAAF Douglas Bostons were ordered attack Lae through the day to reduce the Japanese air threat. Around 10:00 AM the first in series of closely coordinated aerial attacks began. Bombing from around 7,000 feet, B-17s succeeded in breaking up Kimuras formation, reducing the effectiveness of the Japanese anti-aircraft fire. These were followed by B-25 Mitchells bombing from between 3,000 and 6,000 feet. These attacks drew the bulk of the Japanese fire leaving an opening for low-altitude strikes. Approaching the Japanese ships, the Bristol Beaufighters of No. 30 Squadron RAAF were mistaken by the Japanese for Bristol Beauforts. Believing the aircraft to be torpedo planes, the Japanese turned towards them to present a smaller profile. This maneuver allowed the Australians to inflict maximum damage as the Beaufighters strafed the ships with their 20 mm cannons. Stunned by this attack, the Japanese were next hit by modified B-25s flying at low-altitude. Strafing the Japanese ships, they also made skip bombing attacks in which bombs were bounced along the surface of the water into the sides of enemy vessels. With the convoy in flames, a final attack was made by a flight of American A-20 Havocs. In short order, Kimuras ships had been reduced to burning hulks. Attacks continued through the afternoon to ensure their final destruction. While the battle raged around the convoy, P-38 Lightnings provided cover from Japanese fighters and claimed 20 kills against three losses. The next day, the Japanese mounted a retaliatory raid against the Allied base at Buna, New Guinea, but inflicted little damage. For several days after the battle, Allied aircraft returned to the scene and attacked survivors in the water. Such attacks were viewed as necessary and were partially in retribution for the Japanese practice of strafing Allied airmen while they descended in their parachutes. Battle of the Bismarck Sea - Aftermath: In the fighting at Bismarck Sea, the Japanese lost eight transports, four destroyers, and 20 aircraft. In addition, between 3,000 and 7,000 men were killed. Allied losses totaled four aircraft and 13 airmen. A complete victory for the Allies, the Battle of the Bismarck Sea led Mikawa to comment a short time later, It is certain that the success obtained by the American air force in this battle dealt a fatal blow to the South Pacific. The success of Allied air power convinced the Japanese that even strongly escorted convoys could not operate without air superiority. Unable to reinforce and re-supply troops in the region, the Japanese were permanently put on the defensive, opening the way for successful Allied campaigns. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Battle of the Bismarck SeaLong Lancers: Battle of the Bismarck SeaPacific Wrecks: Battle of the Bismarck Sea

Etiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Etiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia - Essay Example This essay demonstrates a discussion, that represents the symptoms of the disorder, and of its etiology and treatment. Schizophrenia is a disorder that is distinguished by a major disruption in cognition and emotion, influencing the primary areas of language, thought, perception, affect, and self-concept. The range of symptoms, while various and extensive, usually includes psychotic manifestations, such as hearing internal voices or experiencing other sensations of unconventional importance to normal events or upholding fixed false personal beliefs. There is no one single symptom that makes diagnosis conclusive; instead, such diagnosis covers a pattern or an aggregate of signs and symptoms, that concurrently occur with occupational or social malfunction. Treatment options are frequently related to the clinical phases of schizophrenia, namely the acute phase, stabilizing phase, stable phase, and recovery phase. When possible, this essay links available information to these treatment p hases. Although the Schizophrenia PORT study recommendations are based in research, it may be worth noting that treatment practices fail to comply with these recommendations. The troubling gap between knowledge and practice are attributed to the many barriers that exist in the transfer of information about treatment practice to clinicians, family members, and service users. And yet, the most effective interventions remain to be those that prove to be potent combinations of biological and behavioral treatment approaches.